GLP-1 mechanism of action

GLP-1 medications offer a groundbreaking approach to achieving effective and long-lasting weight loss. These treatments come in the form of daily pills or weekly injections. Originally developed to manage diabetes, researchers have discovered that GLP-1 medicines can also be a powerful solution for obesity. Continue reading to explore the science behind GLP-1 and understand why these therapies deliver such impressive outcomes.

Glp-1 Molecule actual structure

What are the GLP-1 medications?

GLP-1 drugs, also called glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, are sometimes known as GLP-1 analogues or incretin mimetics. Popular brands like Wegovy, Ozempic, and Rybelsus—favored by celebrities—contain Semaglutide and help speed up weight loss by regulating appetite and boosting metabolism. For best results, these medications are intended for long-term use alongside regular exercise and a balanced diet. Many patients prefer oral tablets for their convenience and to avoid injections, though weekly injectable options are also available. Dosages are gradually increased over time to allow the body to adjust, with higher doses typically producing more significant weight loss.

The discovery of GLP-1 molecule

Positive side effect diabetes disease

GLP-1 agonists were initially developed to manage diabetes. In diabetes, blood sugar levels are elevated, and these drugs work by increasing levels of incretin hormones, which then stimulate the release of insulin. Insulin helps lower blood sugar by enabling sugar to move from the bloodstream into surrounding cells where it can be used or stored.

Testing the effect on digestion

Studies evaluating GLP-1 agonists also revealed that these drugs slow down the digestive process by delaying stomach emptying. This effect helps reduce appetite, which in turn contributed to significant weight loss among patients participating in trials.

GLP-1 got Approved for weight loss

popular brands like Wegovy, Ozempic, and Rybelsus. Initially developed to treat diabetes by increasing incretin hormones that stimulate insulin production and lower blood sugar, these medications were later found to slow digestion and reduce appetite. This dual effect helps many patients achieve significant weight loss. Available as daily tablets or weekly injections, GLP-1 medicines are most effective when used long-term alongside diet and exercise, with dosages gradually increasing to maximize results. After extensive research, the first GLP-1 drug was approved for weight loss in obese individuals and has since aided thousands worldwide in reaching their weight management goals.

The MOA of GLP-1: How does it work?

GLP-1 drugs assist in weight loss by employing a multi-pronged approach that includes:

Suppressing your usual appetite:

Your body normally makes GLP-1 hormones in the small intestine, which help signal to your brain that you are full. GLP-1 medications copy the action of these natural hormones by attaching to GLP-1 receptors in the brain. This enhances the feeling of fullness and satisfaction.

Slowing down gastric emptying:

GLP-1 also affects your stomach by slowing the movement of food into the small intestine. Because the stomach empties more slowly, you stay full for a longer time after eating, which can reduce how often you feel the need to eat or snack.

Regulating blood sugar:

GLP-1 medications help lower blood glucose by increasing insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells and reducing the secretion of glucagon. With improved blood sugar control, cravings for high-calorie and sugary foods often decrease, supporting more effective weight loss.

The science of GLP-1: How does it work?

GLP-1 therapies have been extensively researched and evaluated since their introduction in the 2000s.

One study involving nearly 2,000 obese participants (with a BMI of 30 or higher) demonstrated the drug’s effectiveness. It was a double-blind trial, meaning neither the participants nor the researchers knew who received the GLP-1 medication and who received a placebo. The study was conducted over a period of 68 weeks.

Results found that:

In kg, on average

Patients using Semaglutide experienced far greater weight loss than those on the placebo — in some cases, losing up to 15% of their initial body weight.

Tablets vs injections

Semaglutide comes as either a daily tablet or a once-weekly injection. The choice between them generally depends on personal preference.

The following table highlights the main differences between these two forms of GLP-1 treatment:
 

Tablets

Injections

How long does it take to start working?

GLP-1 treatments are not an instant solution. For weight loss to be healthy and long-lasting, it must happen gradually. There is no magic treatment that will make you lose weight immediately.

However, you will probably begin to see noticeable changes within the first few months of treatment. Since you know your own body better than anyone, you’ll be the first to observe that your clothes feel a bit looser or that certain areas of your body have become slimmer.

 
 

More substantial weight loss usually occurs after you’ve been on the treatment for at least six months. By that point, you will have maintained a calorie deficit for a longer period, and you will have had enough time to gradually increase your semaglutide dose.

When you reach the maximum maintenance dose, you’ll find that your progress toward better health becomes faster than ever.

 
 

Importance of doses

Using higher doses means more of the medication is active in your body. Increased GLP-1 levels lead to reduced appetite and lower calorie intake, which results in greater weight loss.

Semaglutide is available in different doses:

It is essential for anyone starting GLP-1 therapy to begin with the lowest available dose. Your body needs time to adapt to the new medication, and starting at a higher dose can increase the risk of side effects.

You can increase your dose to the next level every four weeks. Your body needs enough time to adjust to the medication, which helps reduce the likelihood of side effects.

It is crucial not to raise your dose earlier than recommended or skip any dosage steps. Doing so can prevent your body from responding properly. You may experience unwanted gastric side effects that could slow your progress or even stop your weight loss journey entirely.

What are the benefits?

The primary advantages of GLP-1 medication are weight loss and improved blood glucose control. 

Weight loss brings several health benefits, including a reduced risk of:

Many of these conditions have the potential to become life-threatening.

By supporting effective weight loss, GLP-1 treatments can enhance your long-term health and lower your risk of developing serious conditions related to excess weight

How you can make the most out of GLP-1

Although starting GLP-1 treatment is an important step toward reaching your weight-loss goals, you will still need to make specific diet and lifestyle changes to get the best results from the medication.

Healthy food

t’s essential to choose nutritious foods so your body gets the nutrients it needs. Eating three chocolate bars a day won’t be enough, even if you’re still in a calorie deficit.

Foods to choose

Foods to avoid

Exercise

Exercising regularly will also help you maximise the benefits of your treatment. Aim for about 30 minutes of cardio or strength training two to three times a week. You can start at a slower pace and gradually increase your fitness level over time.

What if it doesn’t work?

GLP-1 medications are effective for most people who take them, but there will always be some exceptions.

GLP-1 medications are effective for most people who use them, but there are always a few exceptions.

If Semaglutide doesn’t seem to work for you, it may indicate that your body simply does not respond to this type of therapy. This is uncommon, but still possible.

Semaglutide may also be ineffective if you experience side effects that are too difficult to manage. Many people deal with mild nausea or digestive discomfort when starting treatment, and these usually improve as the body adapts.

However, some individuals are not as fortunate and may continue to experience severe side effects throughout the course of treatment, which can ultimately lead them to discontinue GLP-1 therapy.

What if it doesn’t work?

We believe that GLP-1 treatment can truly support you in improving your health, increasing your energy levels, and enhancing your self-confidence.

Find out more about our programme or take the quiz to see if you qualify.